Leo Zhang

Research & Insights

Technical reflections, lessons learned, and evolving thinking from 10+ years building production systems across Android, backend, AI, and industrial IoT.

AI Philosophy2025-03
Why I Bet on Local-First AI
After deploying ChatClothes on Raspberry Pi 5, I'm convinced the future is local-first: privacy, latency, and cost all favor edge inference. Cloud is for training; edge is for serving.
Local AIEdge ComputingPrivacy
5 min read
System Design2024-11
The Hidden Cost of Microservices in Manufacturing
Six years running Spring Cloud across 10+ factories taught me: service boundaries that look clean on paper become debugging nightmares on the factory floor. Event-driven is powerful but demands rigorous contract testing.
MicroservicesEvent-DrivenIndustrial IoT
8 min read
Mobile Engineering2024-09
NDK Is Still the Only Way to Sub-200ms Mobile Messaging
After 10 years of Android IM, I've tried every abstraction: WebSocket, Firebase, native socket wrappers. For true sub-200ms delivery at scale with 5K DAU, a custom NDK TCP/UDP transport layer remains unbeatable.
Android NDKTCP/UDPReal-time
6 min read
Product Thinking2024-06
What Factory Floors Taught Me About UX
Hundreds of workers using shop-floor apps in noisy, gloved, time-pressured environments changed how I think about mobile design. Large touch targets, offline-first, scan-centric workflows — not optional.
Industrial UXOffline-FirstField Work
7 min read
AI Engineering2024-11
Model Compression: YOLO12n-LC and the 8x Trade-off
Compressing YOLO12n to YOLO12n-LC gave 94.2% accuracy at 8x smaller size — but the real win was <10s inference on Raspberry Pi 5. The lesson: quantization + distillation > architecture search for edge deployment.
Model CompressionEdge AIYOLO
9 min read
Leadership2024-03
Leading Engineers Across Cultures and Time Zones
Managing a distributed team across China and New Zealand taught me: explicit contracts, shared rituals, and protecting focus time matter more than any methodology. Async-first communication isn't a constraint — it's a feature.
Team LeadershipRemote WorkCross-cultural
5 min read

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